![]() ![]() The project of the Russian Transcaucasian Company was written in 1828 in Tiflis by Alexander Griboedov, who at the time served as Russian minister plenipotentiary in Persia, and Petr Zaveleisky, the vice-governor of Tiflis. God! How come it did not strike him before: Transcaucasia, you know, is a colony! By the early eighteenth century, the descendants of these groups had coalesced into the Shahsevan confederacy, whose winter campsites were abundantly scattered over the uplands and the plain in the late 1960's. ![]() The plain became a favored pastureland, first by various Kurdish and Ghuzz Turk groups, then later as winter pasture for the armies of Mongols. Islamic historians of the tenth century describe the town (now known as Varthan) as a bustling economic centre with a large mosque outside the city walls.īy the time of the Mongol invasions but probably Ultan Qalasi was abandoned. The Mughan Steppe and different areas of Caucasus and Transcaucasia during late Sassanian period were colonized by Iranians. In this article, we pay attention to the historical geography of this town and try to found any traces of this city in the old historical and geographical written sources.īased on our results, it seems that after the Sassanian period, these areas were occasionally caught up between Khazars and Arabs. ![]() It is located on the south bank of Aras River, between Parsabad and Aslandouz towns, Ardabil province. Ultan Qalasi is the largest of many fortified sites of Mughan steppe in Northwestern Iran.
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